摩根大通:科技周期与动态更新:存储/HBM/TCB/MLCC/苹果供应链
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摘要
摩根大通认为存储行业正进入五年上升周期,受代币经济学、更强的AI计算需求和更高内存密度的服务器架构驱动。全球存储TAM预计2027年达到约9000亿美元。投资者对AI周期信心较强,但对价格通胀型组件盈利可持续性存疑。AI相关板块(存储、MLCC、基板、HBM TCB、PCB、测试插座)持仓集中,近期回调提供良好再入场点。对周期性板块(智能手机、消费电子)信心不足。报告覆盖存储、AI硬件、周期性硬件和相对价值投资主题,给出多个标的评级。
主要观点
- 存储行业进入五年上升周期,受代币经济学、AI计算需求和内存密集型服务器架构驱动。
- 资本支出将增加,但供应位元增长有限;市场需要更多证据证明云服务商的硬件资本支出趋势。
- 存储采购需求依然强劲,供需缺口预计到2028年都不会收窄。
- 全球存储TAM预计2027年达到约9000亿美元。
- AI是存储消费的核心驱动力:HBM内容随输入代币规模翻倍而增长四倍,随模型参数线性增长。
- 新用例(长文档、代码库、多轮对话)减少对检索增强生成(RAG)的需求,推动内存需求。
- DRAM晶圆月产能(WSPM)从2025年底的190万片增至2028年底的270万片以上。
- HBM晶圆分配:2025年35.1万片(约19%产能),2026年47.5万片(24%),2027年63.9万片(29%)。
- DRAM位元需求:2026年450亿、2027年560亿(8Gb等效);HBM位元占比2025-2027年分别为10%/12%/18%。
- 通用服务器DRAM替换周期支持2026-2027年位元需求同比增长80%/45%。
- AI硬件:MLCC受益于AI普及和电动汽车牵引力;高端ABF基板用于GPU/ASIC可能紧张;选择性MLB受益于ASIC/800G网络需求。
- 周期性硬件:iPhone EMS组装近期改善利好LGIT和LGD,但BOM成本上升压力可能拖累2026年利润率;电视利润率面临LGE压力。
- 相对价值:对6-12个月展望建设性,SCT是首选买入标的,因新的价值提升披露潜力及SEC/Samsung Bio资产价值。
论述逻辑
报告从AI驱动存储需求(代币经济学、模型规模)出发,论证HBM内容增长和DRAM/NAND供需紧张。通过分析DRAM WSPM趋势、HBM产能分配、ASP变化和资本支出,得出存储行业长期上升周期的结论。同时,将AI硬件(MLCC、基板、PCB)和周期性硬件(iPhone、TV)纳入分析,并给出相对价值投资建议。
关键展望
- 存储供需缺口预计到2028年不会收窄。
- DRAM ASP由服务器引领,预计2027/2028年混合ASP上升。
- 需要更多证据证明云服务商的硬件资本支出趋势。
- 报告未明确给出未来验证点或时间窗口。
推荐标的
- SEC(三星电子):超配(OW)
- SK Hynix:超配(OW)
- Kioxia:超配(OW)
- NYT(Nanya Technology):中性(N)
- Hanmi Semiconductor:低配(UW)
- SEMCO:超配(OW)
- ISU Petasys:超配(OW)
- Leeno:中性(N)
- SKC:低配(UW)
- LGIT:超配(OW)
- LGD:中性(N)
- LGE:中性(N)
- SCT:超配(OW),首选买入标的
- SK Inc:超配(OW)
- LG Corp:超配(OW)
关键图表
- Investment Summary: Valuation and Financial metrics comparison
- Tech – Semi and Hardware valuations comparison
- End demand outlook: End demand estimates, by major application
- AI is the fundamental content driver beyond Memory consumption: HBM content based on tokens (AI inference, Chat GPT4, float 16)
- AI is the fundamental content driver beyond Memory consumption: HBM content based on model size (AI Inference, float 16)
- AI model – context window comparison
- Token count vs Self-Attention Memory Usage (FP16)
- Global Memory TAM expected to reach ~$900bn in 27E: Aggregate market cap vs memory market revenue (1Q ahead)
- Global Memory TAM expected to reach ~$900bn in 27E: Memory TAM vs. peak mkt cap/TAM analysis
- DRAM ASP Y/Y% change vs. previous assumptions
- NAND ASP Y/Y% change vs. previous assumptions
- Memory key share price drivers: Memory peers – FTM P/B comparison
- Memory key share price drivers: SEC/SKH/Micron market cap vs. DRAM revenue comparison (1Q-ahead)
- Memory key share price drivers: SKH market cap vs DRAM revenue comparison (1Q ahead)
- Memory key share price drivers: SEC market cap vs DRAM revenue comparison (1Q ahead)
- Memory in AI: AI memory Y/Y trend
- Memory in AI: AI DRAM and NAND revenue trend
- Memory in AI: AI value within total DRAM & NAND TAM
- Memory in AI: AI volume with total DRAM & NAND TAM
- DRAM snapshot: 4 years up-cycle continues; focus on longevity over momentum: DRAM – S/D glut, snapshot graphics, and HBM revenue/capacity
- DRAM ASP outlook; Server to lead blended ASP hike into 27E/28E: DRAM Industry ASP trend by applications and suppliers
- DRAM WSPM: trending from 1.9M in 25-end to 2.7+M by 28-end: DRAM Industry WSPM trend by suppliers
- NAND snapshot: cyclical rebound, capex discipline, and eSSD as AI enabler: NAND Industry S-D trend
- NAND snapshot: cyclical rebound, capex discipline, and eSSD as AI enabler: Long-term NAND capital intensity
- NAND snapshot: cyclical rebound, capex discipline, and eSSD as AI enabler: NAND demand growth Y/Y by key application
- DRAM vs. NAND comparison: DRAM vs. NAND TAM comparison
- DRAM vs. NAND comparison: DRAM vs. NAND OPM comparison
- DRAM vs. NAND comparison: DRAM demand contribution by application
- DRAM vs. NAND comparison: NAND demand contribution by application
- DRAM vs. NAND comparison: DRAM vs. NAND bit growth y-y comparison
- DRAM vs. NAND comparison: DRAM vs. NAND ASP change y-y comparison
- DRAM vs. NAND comparison: DRAM vs. NAND revenue per kwfpm comparison
- DRAM vs. NAND comparison: DRAM vs. NAND bit shipment per Kwfpm comparison
- DRAM and NAND capital spending update: DRAM industry capex
- DRAM and NAND capital spending update: NAND industry capex
- (DRAM+NAND) ASP as a % of end application ASPs
- Spot price growth decelerating: DRAM spot and contract price trend
- Spot price growth decelerating: NAND spot price trend
- Spot price growth decelerating: DDR spot price changes from bottom to peak
- Spot price growth decelerating: DDR5 vs. DDR4 RDIMM price trend