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伯恩斯坦:代理时代:代理购物与零售业的未来

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原标题:The Age of Agents: Agentic shopping and the future of retail

摘要

报告探讨AI代理购物对零售商的短期机遇与长期风险。短期看,AI驱动流量虽小(多数零售商<1%)但增长迅速,Walmart因低价、品类全、配送便利成为主要受益者。长期看,AI代理可能侵蚀零售媒体市场,尤其是产品搜索广告;若AI缩短购买路径,广告利润池可能缩小,广告预算转向AI代理。Amazon通过Rufus和Buy for Me功能巩固地位,早期Rufus带来约100亿美元增量销售。实体零售商仍具优势,但规模至关重要;Walmart定位最佳,COST需追赶数字化能力,而定价无竞争力的零售商将面临风险。

主要观点

  • 仅2%的ChatGPT用户目前使用其购买产品(Exhibit 1),信任建立是关键第一步。
  • 年轻一代是AI代理购物的早期采用者,用户主要用AI进行基础产品研究而非深度参与(Exhibit 2-3)。
  • AI驱动流量占零售商在线流量比例很小(多数<1%),但增长迅速(Exhibit 4-7)。
  • 在缺乏Amazon合作的情况下,Walmart凭借低价、品类全、配送便利成为主要受益者。
  • 长期看,AI代理可能侵蚀零售媒体收入,尤其是底部漏斗的搜索广告。
  • Amazon的Rufus和Buy for Me功能表现良好,Rufus带来约100亿美元增量销售,转化率提升1个百分点。
  • OpenAI宣布对ChatGPT结账收取4%的抽成,暗示产品搜索广告可能被更大的推荐费取代。
  • 实体零售商仍重要,店内零售媒体可能兴起;规模优势是关键,Walmart定位最佳。
  • COST受益但需提升数字化能力;TGT定价无竞争力,面临风险。
  • 基准情景下,消费者将更多依赖AI代理进行产品研究和部分自主购买,但不会完全放弃控制权。

论述逻辑

报告从AI代理购物的现状出发(仅2%用户使用),指出短期机遇在于AI作为流量驱动因素,提升转化率,Walmart因合作OpenAI和Google而受益。但长期来看,若AI代理普及,零售媒体(尤其是搜索广告)可能被替代,因为AI代理可直接完成购买,减少品牌广告需求。Amazon通过自研AI工具(Rufus、Buy for Me)巩固地位,而OpenAI的4%抽成模式预示广告预算可能转向推荐费。最终,规模大、价格低的零售商(如Walmart)更具防御性,而定价无竞争力的零售商(如TGT)风险最大。

关键展望

报告未明确给出未来验证点或时间窗口,但指出AI代理购物的发展速度受限于消费者信任、数据计算能力、货币化问题、零售商合作意愿及监管约束。

推荐标的

  • WMT (Walmart):评级Outperform,目标价129美元。理由:规模优势、价格领导力、与OpenAI和Google合作,短期受益于AI流量,但零售媒体上行空间可能受代理购物采用限制。
  • COST (Costco):评级Outperform,目标价1146美元。理由:受益于AI趋势,但需追赶数字化能力。
  • TGT (Target):评级Underperform,目标价80美元。理由:定价无竞争力,在AI代理购物趋势中面临风险。
  • AMZN (Amazon):评级Outperform,目标价300美元。理由:通过Rufus和Buy for Me巩固地位,早期Rufus带来约100亿美元增量销售。
  • GOOGL (Alphabet):评级Market-Perform,目标价305美元。

关键图表

Exhibit 1: Only 2% of ChatGPT users use it to purchase products today.

Exhibit 2: Younger generations are early adopters of agentic AI shopping...

Exhibit 3: ...users have mostly relied on AI for basic product research rather than more in-depth engagement

Exhibit 4: In eCommerce, traffic from AI platforms is ramping significantly as a percentage of overall traffic...

Exhibit 5: ...but it still remains less than 1% of overall web traffic.

Exhibit 6: Smaller eCommerce marketplaces, including big-box retailers, show a similar trend.

Exhibit 7: Among this subset, Best Buy has the largest share of its overall web traffic from AI — but still just above 1%.

Exhibit 8: Both WMT and COST under-index in retail as % of GMV vs. AMZN, while TGT over-indexes.

Exhibit 9: Retail media across the marketing funnels

Exhibit 10: Example of Walmart sponsored products

Exhibit 11: Example of Walmart sponsored videos

Exhibit 12: Example of Walmart onsite display ads

Exhibit 13: Example of Vizio Home Screen, where Walmart integrates ads on behalf of brands

Exhibit 14: Example of CTV ads, targeting relevant demographics powered by Walmart Connect

Exhibit 15: Example of social media ads powered by Walmart Connect

Exhibit 16: Amazon Rufus is available both in Amazon app and website, and our experience with it has been smooth

Exhibit 17: Amazon Buy For Me AI shopping feature shows products from 3rd‑party websites in Amazon app product search results and let customers purchase without leaving the app — Amazon’s agent securely completing the checkout on their behalf

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